Investigations into Dynamic Response of Automobile Components during Crash Simulation

AbstractCrash simulation is a virtual recreation of a destructive crash test of a vehicle and its components using a computer aided analysis software in order to examine the level of safety of the vehicle and its occupants by analysing the level and nature of impact stresses occurring in the component and the magnitude and nature of the deformation happening in the component. Computer aided parametric design software are generally used for modelling of the vehicle components, to define all the coordinate values and geometrical details and then this CAD data is generally transferred to an FEM software for pre-processing and solution followed by generation and interpretation of results related to energies, acceleration and displacements with different loads & boundary conditions possible in various accidental situations. This major accomplishment is possible due to advent of advanced FE software system and computers offered within the last few years. Simulating the crashworthiness of the vehicle is a significant step to design automobiles of present age and automotive industry has probably the widest application of such simulation. Nowadays software such as LSDYNA, RADIOSS, ABASUS and others have very wide practical aspects to perform crash simulations.In the present work, Finite element modelling practices used for crash analysis are studied and after effects of the different parameters on the vehicle have been reviewed. The aim of this work is to study the effects of such crash parameters on the dynamic response of automobile component through finite element approach path. This paper presents an investigations of development done in the crash simulation of automobile components and the related process parameters through finite element approach

Use of a mouth stick appliance to rehabilitate a quadriplegic patient

This article describes a clinical case report of a young male with a clinical condition of quadriplegia. The patient was functionally handicapped as his arms and hands were underdeveloped, weak and completely disfigured. The article describes the clinical and laboratory procedure of fabricating a simple and inexpensive device which will use the patient’s dentition to perform daily work. The requirements of such a mouthstick appliance have been mentioned and the necessary care that has to be taken during design of such an appliance has been outlined. The patient was highly satisfied with the result and was able to improve his lifestyle by writing, painting and even type with the appliance. The patient’s confidence and social acceptance grew tremendously after using the mouthstick appliance

Marker-assisted selection strategy to pyramid two or more QTLs for quantitative trait-grain yield under drought

Abstract Background Marker-assisted breeding will move forward from introgressing single/multiple genes governing a single trait to multiple genes governing multiple traits to combat emerging biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change and to enhance rice productivity. MAS will need to address concerns about the population size needed to introgress together more than two genes/QTLs. In the present study, grain yield and genotypic data from different generations (F3 to F8) for five marker-assisted breeding programs were analyzed to understand the effectiveness of synergistic effect of phenotyping and genotyping in early generations on selection of better progenies. Results Based on class analysis of the QTL combinations, the identified superior QTL classes in F3/BC1F3/BC2F3 generations with positive QTL x QTL and QTL x background interactions that were captured through phenotyping maintained its superiority in yield under non-stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) across advanced generations in all five studies. The marker-assisted selection breeding strategy combining both genotyping and phenotyping in early generation significantly reduced the number of genotypes to be carried forward. The strategy presented in this study providing genotyping and phenotyping cost savings of 25–68% compared with the traditional marker-assisted selection approach. The QTL classes, Sub1 + qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 2.1  + qDTY 3.1 and Sub1 + qDTY 2.1  + qDTY 3.1 in Swarna-Sub1, Sub1 + qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 1.2 , Sub1 + qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 2.2 and Sub1 + qDTY 2.2  + qDTY 12.1 in IR64-Sub1, qDTY 2.2  + qDTY 4.1 in Samba Mahsuri, Sub1 + qDTY 3.1  + qDTY 6.1  + qDTY 6.2 and Sub1 + qDTY 6.1  + qDTY 6.2 in TDK1-Sub1 and qDTY 12.1  + qDTY 3.1 and qDTY 2.2  + qDTY 3.1 in MR219 had shown better and consistent performance under NS and RS across generations over other QTL classes. Conclusion “Deployment of this procedure will save time and resources and will allow breeders to focus and advance only germplasm with high probability of improved performance. The identification of superior QTL classes and capture of positive QTL x QTL and QTL x background interactions in early generation and their consistent performance in subsequent generations across five backgrounds supports the efficacy of a combined MAS breeding strategy”

Additional file 1: of Marker-assisted selection strategy to pyramid two or more QTLs for quantitative trait-grain yield under drought

Table S1. QTLs and markers information’s in marker assisted introgression program in different backgrounds. Figure S1. General schematic scheme for QTL introgression and pyramiding program, phenotyping and genotyping screening. In case of Swarna-Sub1 and IR64-Sub1 no backcross was attempted. In case of Samba Mahsuri and MR219, one backcross was attempted. In case of TDK1-Sub1 two backcross was attempted. (DOCX 269 kb

Marker Assisted Breeding to Develop Multiple Stress Tolerant Varieties for Flood and Drought Prone Areas

Abstract Background Climate extremes such as drought and flood have become major constraints to the sustainable rice crop productivity in rainfed environments. Availability of suitable climate-resilient varieties could help farmers to reduce the grain yield losses resulting from the climatic extremities. The present study was undertaken with an aim to develop high-yielding drought and submergence tolerant rice varieties using marker assisted introgression of qDTY 1.1 , qDTY 2.1 , qDTY 3.1 and Sub1. Performance of near isogenic lines (NILs) developed in the background of Swarna was evaluated across 60 multi-locations trials (MLTs). The selected promising lines from MLTs were nominated and evaluated in national trials across 18 locations in India and 6 locations in Nepal. Results Grain yield advantage of the NILs with qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 2.1  + qDTY 3.1  + Sub1 and qDTY 2.1  + qDTY 3.1  + Sub1 ranged from 76 to 2479 kg ha− 1 and 396 to 2376 kg ha− 1 under non-stress (NS) respectively and 292 to 1118 kg ha− 1 and 284 to 2086 kg ha− 1 under reproductive drought stress (RS), respectively. The NIL, IR96322–34-223-B-1-1-1-1 having qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 2.1  + qDTY 3.1  + Sub1 has been released as variety CR dhan 801 in India. IR 96321–1447-651-B-1-1-2 having qDTY 1.1  + qDTY 3.1  + Sub 1 and IR 94391–131–358-19-B-1-1-1 having qDTY 3.1  + Sub1 have been released as varieties Bahuguni dhan-1′ and ‘Bahuguni dhan-2’ respectively in Nepal. Background recovery of 94%, 93% and 98% was observed for IR 96322–34-223-B-1-1-1-1, IR 96321–1447-651-B-1-1-2 and IR 94391–131–358-19-B-1-1-1 respectively on 6 K SNP Infinium chip. Conclusion The drought and submergence tolerant rice varieties with pyramided multiple QTLs can ensure 0.2 to 1.7 t ha− 1 under reproductive stage drought stress and 0.1 to 1.0 t ha− 1 under submergence conditions with no yield penalty under non-stress to farmers irrespective of occurrence of drought and/or flood in the same or different seasons